Wind Limits on Rain Layers and Diurnal Warm Layers

On the formation of warm molecular layers

The levitation of the outer atmospheres of AGB stars by pulsations is proposed as possible mechanism to form " warm molecular layers ". We compare the amounts of CO, H 2 O, CO 2 and SO 2 molecules found in an oxygen-rich dynamical model atmosphere with the values derived from recent ISO observations. In the model, the molecules are present in a layered structure behind shock waves which leads t...

Warm molecular layers in protoplanetary disks

We have investigated molecular distributions in protoplanetary disks, adopting a disk model with a temperature gradient in the vertical direction. The model produces sufficiently high abundances of gaseous CO and HCO to account for line observations of T Tauri stars using a sticking probability of unity and without assuming any non-thermal desorption. In regions of radius R ∼> 10 AU, with which...

Boundary Layers and Heat Transfer on a Rotating Rough Disk

The study of flow and heat transfer over rotating circular disks is of great practical importance in understanding the cooling of rotatory machinery such as turbines, electric motors and design and manufacturing of computer disk drives. This paper presents an analysis of the flow and heat transfer over a heated infinite permeable rough disk. Boundary-layer approximation reduces the elliptic Nav...

Ordered Layers of Co Clusters on BN Template Layers

Warm Rain Precipitation Processes